Mesothelioma Not Caused by Asbestos People with an asbestos-related history are at risk for mesothelioma. Asbestos fibers that adhere to the lining of the lung (pleura) cause malignant pleural mesothelioma. those that penetrate the stomach lining or heart (peritoneal and pericardial mesothelioma) are less prevalent. Consult a doctor immediately in